9.1.2.6 Packet Tracer – Investigating NAT Operation

Last Updated on March 23, 2018 by Admin

9.1.2.6 Packet Tracer – Investigating NAT Operation

Packet Tracer – Investigating NAT Operation (Answer Version)

Answer Note: Red font color or Gray highlights indicate text that appears in the Answer copy only.

Topology

Objectives

Part 1: Investigate NAT Operation Across the Intranet

Part 2: Investigate NAT Operation Across the Internet

Part 3: Conduct Further Investigations

Scenario

As a frame travels across a network, the MAC addresses may change. IP addresses can also change when a packet is forwarded by a device configured with NAT. In this activity, we will investigate what happens to IP addresses during the NAT process.

Part 1: Investigate NAT Operation Across the Intranet

Step 1: Wait for the network to converge.

It might take a few minutes for everything in the network to converge. You can speed the process up by clicking on Fast Forward Time.

Step 2: Generate an HTTP request from any PC in the Central domain.

1. Open the Web Browser of any PC in the Central domain and type the following without pressing enter or clicking Go: http://branchserver.pka.
2. Switch to Simulation mode and edit the filters to show only HTTP requests.
3. Click Go in the browser, a PDU envelope will appear.
4. Click Capture / Forward until the PDU is over D1 or D2. Record the source and destination IP addresses. To what devices do those addresses belong? 10.X.X.X and 64.100.200.1 The PC and R4.
5. Click Capture / Forward until the PDU is over R2. Record the source and destination IP addresses in the outbound packet. To what devices do those addresses belong? 64.100.100.X and 64.100.200.1 The first address is not assigned to an interface. R4 is the second address.
6. Login to R2 using ‘class’ to enter privileged EXEC and show the running configuration. The address came from the following address pool:
   • ip nat pool R2Pool 64.100.100.3 64.100.100.31 netmask 255.255.255.224
7. Click Capture / Forward until the PDU is over R4. Record the source and destination IP addresses in the outbound packet. To what devices do those addresses belong? 64.100.100.X and 172.16.0.3. The first address is from R2Pool on R2. Branchserver.pka is the second address.
8. Click Capture / Forward until the PDU is over Branserver.pka. Record the source and destination TCP port addresses in the outbound segment.
9. On both R2 and R4, run the following command and match the IP addresses and ports recorded above to the correct line of output:
   • R2# show ip nat translations
   • R4# show ip nat translations
10. What do the inside local IP addresses have in common? They are reserved for private use.
11. Did any private addresses cross the Intranet? No.
12. Return to Realtime mode.

Part 2: Investigate NAT Operation Across the Internet

Step 1: Generate an HTTP request from any computer in the home office.

1. Open the Web Browser of any computer in the home office and type the following without pressing enter or clicking Go: http://centralserver.pka.
2. Switch to Simulation mode. The filters should already be set to show only HTTP requests.
3. Click Go in the browser, a PDU envelope will appear.
4. Click Capture / Forward until the PDU is over WRS. Record the inbound source and destination IP addresses and the outbound source and destination addresses. To what devices do those addresses belong? 192.168.0.X and 64.100.100.2, 64.104.223.2 and 64.100.100.2 The computer and R2, WRS and R2.
5. Click Capture / Forward until the PDU is over R2. Record the source and destination IP addresses in the outbound packet. To what devices do those addresses belong? 64.104.223.2 and 10.10.10.2 WRS and centralserver.pka.
6. On R2, run the following command and match the IP addresses and ports recorded above to the correct line of output:
   • R2# show ip nat translations
7. Return to Realtime mode. Did all of the web pages appear in the browsers? Yes.

Part 3: Conduct Further Investigations

1. Experiment with more packets, both HTTP and HTTPS. There are many questions to consider such as:

– Do the NAT translation tables grow?

– Does WRS have a pool of addresses?

– Is this how the computers in the classroom connect to the Internet?

– Why does NAT use four columns of addresses and ports?

Suggested Scoring Rubric

Activity Section	Question Location	Possible Points	Earned Points
Part 1: Request a Web Page Across the Intranet	Step 2d	12
	Step 2e	12
	Step 2g	13
	Step 2j	12
	Step 2k	12
Part 1 Total		61
Part 2: Request a Web Page Across the Internet	Step 1d	13
	Step 1e	13
	Step 1g	13
Part 2 Total		39
Total Score		100