CCNA 2 v6 RSE Chapter 10 Exam Online

Hint

The show cdp neighbors command can be used to prove that Layer 1 and Layer 2 connectivity exists between two Cisco devices. For example, if two devices have duplicate IP addresses, a ping between the devices will fail, but the output of show cdp neighbors will be successful. The show cdp neighbors detail could be used to verify the IP address of the directly connected device in case the same IP address is assigned to the two routers.

Hint

CDP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol that can be disabled globally by using the no cdp run global configuration command, or disabled on a specific interface, by using the no cdp enable interface configuration command. Because CDP operates at the data link layer, two or more Cisco network devices, such as routers can learn about each other even if Layer 3 connectivity does not exist. The show cdp neighbors detail command reveals the IP address of a neighboring device regardless of whether you can ping the neighbor.

Hint

The show cdp neighbors command provides information on directly connected Cisco devices including Device ID, local interface, capability, platform, and port ID of the remote device.

Hint

With the show NTP associations command, the IP address of the NTP master is given.

Hint

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used to synchronize the time across all devices on the network to make sure accurate timestamping on devices for managing, securing and troubleshooting. NTP networks use a hierarchical system of time sources. Each level in this hierarchical system is called a stratum. The stratum 1 devices are directly connected to the authoritative time sources.

Hint

The ntp server ip-address global configuration command configures the NTP server for IOS devices.

Hint

The message is a level 5 notification message as shown in the %LINEPROTO-5 section of the output. Messages reporting the link status are common and do not require replacing the interface or reconfiguring the interface. The date and time displayed at the beginning of the message indicates that service timestamps have been configured on the router.

Hint

Cisco developed NetFlow for the purpose of gathering statistics on packets flowing through Cisco routers and multilayer switches. SNMP can be used to collect and store information about a device. Syslog is used to access and store system messages.
NTP is used to allow network devices to synchronize time settings.

Hint

Syslog messages can be sent to the logging buffer, the console line, the terminal line, or to a syslog server. However, debug-level messages are only forwarded to the internal buffer and only accessible through the Cisco CLI.

Hint

The output is captured from a virtual terminal connection on a router. The syslog messages are stored in the RAM of the monitored router.

Hint

The number following the date represents the time that the syslog message was issued.

Hint

By default, Cisco routers and switches send event messages to the console. Various IOS versions will also send their event messages to the buffer by default. Specific commands must be implemented to allow logging to other locations.

Hint

The logging trap level allows a network administrator to limit event messages that are being sent to a syslog server based on severity.

Hint

The part of the image name 152-3 indicates that the major release is 15, the minor release is 2, and the new feature release is 3.

Hint

To support Cisco ISR G2 platforms, Cisco provides two types of universal images. The images with the “universalk9_npe” designation in the image name do not support any strong cryptography functionality such as payload cryptography to satisfy the import requirements of some countries. The “universalk9_npe” images include all other Cisco IOS software features.

Hint

The different parts of the Cisco IOS image file are as follows:
c1900 – Identifies the platform as a Cisco 1900 router.
universalk9 – specifies the image contains strong encryption.
mz – Indicates the file runs from RAM and is compressed.
SPA – designates that the file is digitally signed by Cisco.
152-4.M3 – specifies the filename format for the image 15.2(4)M3. This is the version of IOS, which includes the major release, minor release, maintenance release, and maintenance rebuild numbers. The M indicates this is an extended maintenance release.
bin – This extension indicates that this file is a binary executable file.

Hint

The boot system command is a global configuration command that allows the user to specify the source for the Cisco IOS Software image to load. In this case, the router is configured to boot from the IOS image that is stored on the TFTP server and will use the ROMmon imagethat is located in the ROM if it fails to locate the TFTP server or fails to load a valid image from the TFTP server.

Hint

Cisco IOS Software release 15.0 incorporates four technology packs. They are IPBase, DATA, UC (unified Communications), and SEC (Security). Having the IPBase license installed is a prerequisite for installing the other technology packs.

Hint

Cisco IOS Release 15.0 has four available technology software packages.

1. IPBase
2. DATA
3. Unified Communications
4. Security

Hint

A customer who purchases a software package will receive a Product Activation Key (PAK) that serves as a receipt and is used to obtain the license for the software package.

Hint

Advanced IP Services, Advanced Enterprise Services, and SP Services are IOS release 12.4 feature sets.

Hint

The license install stored-location-url command is used to install a license file. The show version and show running-configuration commands display router configuration and other details, but not the UDI.

Hint

The license save command is used to back up a copy of the licenses on a device. The show license command is used to display additional information about Cisco IOS software licenses. The license boot module module-name command activates an Evaluation Right-To-Use license. To configure a one-time acceptance of the End User License Agreement (EULA) covering all Cisco IOS packages and features, use the license accept end user agreement command.