CCNA Cybersecurity Operations (Version 1.1) – CyberOps Chapter 11 Exam Answers

Last Updated on December 15, 2019 by Admin

CCNA Cybersecurity Operations (Version 1.1) – CyberOps Chapter 11 Exam Answers 2019

  1. Which two application layer protocols manage the exchange of messages between a client with a web browser and a remote web server? (Choose two.)

    • DNS
    • HTTP
    • HTML
    • DHCP
    • HTTPS
      Explanation:

      Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HTTP Secure (HTTPS) are two application layer protocols that manage the content requests from clients and the responses from the web server. HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) is the encoding language that describes the content and display features of a web page. DNS is for domain name to IP address resolution. DHCP manages and provides dynamic IP configurations to clients.

  2. What port number would be used if a threat actor was using NTP to direct DDoS attacks?

    • 25
    • 69
    • 123
    • 443
      Explanation:

      NTP uses UDP port number 123. Threat actors could use port 123 on NTP systems in order to direct DDoS attacks through vulnerabilities in client or server software.

  3. Which protocol is a name resolution protocol often used by malware to communicate with command-and-control (CnC) servers?

    • DNS
    • HTTPS
    • ICMP
    • IMAP
      Explanation:

      Domain Name Service (DNS) is used to convert domain names into IP addresses. Some organizations have less stringent policies in place to protect against DNS-based threats than they have in place for other exploits.

  4. What are two ways that ICMP can be a security threat to a company? (Choose two.)

    • by the infiltration of web pages
    • by providing a conduit for DoS attacks
    • by collecting information about a network
    • by corrupting network IP data packets
    • by corrupting data between email servers and email recipients
      Explanation:

      ICMP can be used as a conduit for DoS attacks. It can be used to collect information about a network such as the identification of hosts and network structure, and by determining the operating systems being used on the network.

  5. How might corporate IT professionals deal with DNS-based cyber threats?

    • Use IPS/IDS devices to scan internal corporate traffic.
    • Monitor DNS proxy server logs and look for unusual DNS queries.
    • Limit the number of DNS queries permitted within the organization.
    • Limit the number of simultaneously opened browsers or browser tabs.
      Explanation:

      DNS queries for randomly generated domain names or extremely long random-appearing DNS subdomains should be considered suspicious. Cyberanalysts could do the following for DNS-based attacks:Analyze DNS logs.
      Use a passive DNS service to block requests to suspected CnC and exploit domains.

  6. Which protocol is used to send e-mail messages between two servers that are in different e-mail domains?

    • HTTP
    • POP3
    • SMTP
    • IMAP4
      Explanation:

      SMTP is used to send data between mail servers and to send data from a host to a mail server. The other two protocols that can be used for email are IMAP and POP3. IMAP and POP3 are used to download email messages from a mail server.

  7. How can IMAP be a security threat to a company?

    • Encrypted data is decrypted.
    • Someone inadvertently clicks on a hidden iFrame.
    • An email can be used to bring malware to a host.
    • It can be used to encode stolen data and send to a threat actor.
      Explanation:

      IMAP, SMTP, and POP3 are email protocols. SMTP is used to send data from a host to a server or to send data between servers. IMAP and POP3 are used to download email messages and can be responsible for bringing malware to the receiving host.

  8. How does using HTTPS complicate network security monitoring?

    • HTTPS can be used to infiltrate DNS queries.
    • HTTPS adds complexity to captured packets.
    • Web browser traffic is directed to infected servers.
    • HTTPS cannot protect visitors to a company-provided web site.
      Explanation:

      HTTPS adds extra overhead to the HTTP-formed packet. HTTPS encrypts using secure socket layer (SSL). Even though some devices can perform SSL decryption and inspection, this can present processing and privacy issues. HTTPS adds complexity to packet captures due to the additional message involved in establishing an encrypted data connection.

  9. Refer to the exhibit. How is the traffic from the client web browser being altered when connected to the destination website of www.cisco.com?

    CCNA Cybersecurity Operations (Version 1.1) - CyberOps Chapter 11 Exam Answers 2019 Full 100% 01

    CCNA Cybersecurity Operations (Version 1.1) – CyberOps Chapter 11 Exam Answers 2019 Full 100% 01

    • Traffic is encrypted by the user machine and sent directly to the cisco.com server to be decrypted.
    • Traffic is sent in plain-text by the user machine and is encrypted by the TOR node in France and decrypted by the TOR node in Germany.
    • Traffic is encrypted by the user machine, and the TOR network encrypts next-hop information on a hop-by-hop basis.
    • Traffic is encrypted by the user machine, and the TOR network only routes the traffic through France, Canada, Germany, and delivers it to cisco.com.
      Explanation:

      When data is being sent into the TOR network, the data is only encrypted by the sending client itself. The next-hop information is encrypted and decrypted between the TOR relays on a hop-by-hop basis. In this way, no single device knows the entire path to the destination, and routing information is readable only by the device that requires it. Finally, at the end of the Tor path, the traffic reaches its Internet destination. The client data is not encrypted by the TOR network; that encryption is the responsibility of the user.

  10. What is Tor?

    • a rule created in order to match a signature of a known exploit
    • a software platform and network of P2P hosts that function as Internet routers
    • a way to share processors between network devices across the Internet
    • a type of Instant Messaging (IM) software used on the darknet
      Explanation:

      A special browser is used to access the Tor network. This browser allows a user to browse the Internet anonymously.

  11. Which function is provided by the Sguil application?

    • It detects potential network intrusions.
    • It prevents malware from attacking a host.
    • It makes Snort-generated alerts readable and searchable.
    • It reports conversations between hosts on the network.
      Explanation:

      Applications such as Snorby and Sguil can be used to read and search alert messages generated by NIDS/NIPS.

  12. Which statement describes session data in security logs?

    • It shows the result of network sessions.
    • It is a record of a conversation between network hosts.
    • It can be used to describe or predict network behavior.
    • It reports detailed network activities between network hosts.
      Explanation:

      Session data is a record of a conversation between two network endpoints.

  13. Which statement describes statistical data in network security monitoring processes?

    • It contains conversations between network hosts.
    • It lists each alert message along with statistical information.
    • It shows the results of network activities between network hosts.
    • It is created through an analysis of other forms of network data.
      Explanation:

      Like session data, statistical data is about network traffic. Statistical data is created through the analysis of other forms of network data.

  14. techniques to analyze network telemetry data? (Choose two.)

    • NBA
    • Sguil
    • IPFIX
    • NBAD
    • Snorby
      Explanation:

      Network behavior analysis (NBA) and network behavior anomaly detection (NBAD) are approaches to network security monitoring that use advanced analytical techniques to analyze NetFlow or IPFIX network telemetry data.

  15. A system administrator runs a file scan utility on a Windows PC and notices a file lsass.exe in the Program Files directory. What should the administrator do?

    • Delete the file because it is probably malware.
    • Move it to Program Files (x86) because it is a 32bit application.
    • Open the Task Manager, right-click on the lsass process and choose End Task.
    • Uninstall the lsass application because it is a legacy application and no longer required by Windows.
      Explanation:

      On Windows computers, security logging and security policies enforcement are carried out by the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS), running as lsass.exe. It should be running from the Windows\System32 directory. If a file with this name, or a camouflaged name, such as 1sass.exe, is running or running from another directory, it could be malware.

  16. A system analyst is reviewing syslog messages and notices that the PRI value of a message is 26. What is the severity value of the message?

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 6
      Explanation:

      The priority (PRI) value consists of two elements, the facility and severity of the message. It is calculated by multiplying the facility value by 8, and then adding the severity value, that is, priority = (facility * 8) + severity. To find the severity value from a given PRI, divide the PRI by 8 and the remainder is the severity value.

  17. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is reviewing an Apache access log message. What is the status of the access request by the client?

    CCNA Cybersecurity Operations (Version 1.1) - CyberOps Chapter 11 Exam Answers 2019 Full 100% 03

    CCNA Cybersecurity Operations (Version 1.1) – CyberOps Chapter 11 Exam Answers 2019 Full 100% 03

    • The request was fulfilled successfully.
    • The request was redirected to another web server.
    • The request was unsuccessful because of client errors.
    • The request was unsuccessful because of server errors.
      Explanation:

      The sixth field of the Apache access log message is the three-digital numeric status code. Codes that begin with a 2 represent success. Codes that begin with a 3 represent redirection. Codes that begin with a 4 represent client errors. Codes that begin with a 5 represent server errors.

  18. What does it indicate if the timestamp in the HEADER section of a syslog message is preceded by a period or asterisk symbol?

    • There is a problem associated with NTP.
    • The timestamp represents the round trip duration value.
    • The syslog message should be treated with high priority.
    • The syslog message indicates the time an email is received.
      Explanation:

      The HEADER section of the message contains the timestamp. If the timestamp is preceded by the period (.) or asterisk (*) symbols, a problem is indicated with NTP.

  19. Which Windows log records events related to login attempts and operations related to file or object access?

    • setup logs
    • system logs
    • security logs
    • application logs
      Explanation:

      On a Windows host, security logs record events related to security, such as login attempts and operations related to file or object management and access.

  20. Which Windows log contains information about installations of software, including Windows updates?

    • setup logs
    • system logs
    • security logs
    • application logs
      Explanation:

      On a Windows host, setup logs record information about the installation of software, including Windows updates.

  21. Which information can be provided by the Cisco NetFlow utility?

    • IDS and IPS capabilities
    • peak usage times and traffic routing
    • security and user account restrictions
    • source and destination UDP port mapping
      Explanation:

      NetFlow efficiently provides an important set of services for IP applications including network traffic accounting, usage-based network billing, network planning, security, denial of service monitoring capabilities, and network monitoring. NetFlow provides valuable information about network users and applications, peak usage times, and traffic routing.

  22. In a Cisco AVC system, in which module is NetFlow deployed?

    • Control
    • Metrics Collection
    • Application Recognition
    • Management and Reporting
      Explanation:

      NetFlow technology is deployed in the Metrics Collection module of a Cisco AVC system to collect network flow metrics and to export to management tools.

  23. How does a web proxy device provide data loss prevention (DLP) for an enterprise?

    • by functioning as a firewall
    • by scanning and logging outgoing traffic
    • by inspecting incoming traffic for potential exploits
    • by checking the reputation of external web servers
      Explanation:

      A web proxy device can inspect outgoing traffic as means of data loss prevention (DLP). DLP involves scanning outgoing traffic to detect whether the data that is leaving the enterprise network contains sensitive, confidential, or secret information.

  24. Which technology is used in Cisco Next-Generation IPS devices to consolidate multiple security layers into a single platform?

    • Squid
    • WinGate
    • FirePOWER
    • Apache Traffic Server
      Explanation:

      Cisco Next-Generation IPS devices (NGIPS) use FirePOWER Services to consolidate multiple security layers into a single platform, which helps to contain costs and simplify management. Apache Traffic Server, Squid, and WinGate are examples of web proxies.

  25. Refer to the exhibit. A junior network engineer is handed a print-out of the network information shown. Which protocol or service originated the information shown in the graphic?

    CCNA Cybersecurity Operations (Version 1.1) - CyberOps Chapter 11 Exam Answers 2019 Full 100% 02

    CCNA Cybersecurity Operations (Version 1.1) – CyberOps Chapter 11 Exam Answers 2019 Full 100% 02

    • TACACS+
    • NetFlow
    • RADIUS
    • Syslog
      Explanation:

      Syslog clients send log entries to a syslog server. The syslog server concentrates and stores log entries. Log entries are categorized by seven severity levels:
      emergencies (0), alerts (1), critical (2), errors (3), warnings (4), notifications (5), informational (6), and debugging (7).

  26. A system administrator has recommended to the CIO a move of some applications from a Windows server to a Linux server. The proposed server will use ext4 partitions and serve as a web server, file server, and print server. The CIO is considering the recommendation, but has some questions regarding security.

    1. Which two methods does Linux use to log data in order to identify a security event? (Choose two.)

      • Apache access logs
      • Event Viewer
      • NetFlow
      • SPAN
      • syslog
        Explanation:

        The syslog standard is used for logging event messages from network devices. Syslog messages are sent from the device to a logging server. Apache web server access logs are an important source of information for a cybersecurity analyst in order to see who accessed the server, the IP address used, date/time of access, and URL used.

    2. What is a daemon?

      • a background process that runs without the need for user interaction
      • a record to keep track of important events
      • a type of security attack
      • an application that monitors and analyzes suspicious activity
        Explanation:

        A daemon in Linux is a background process that runs without the need for user interaction. A network administrator can view log files in order to see information about daemons running on the Linux server.

    3. Because the company uses discretionary access control (DAC) for user file management, what feature would need to be supported on the server?

      • access based on security clearance held
      • principle of least privilege
      • role-based access control
      • user-based data access control
        Explanation:

        Discretionary access control allows users to control access to their data as owners of that data. ACLs may also be used in order to specify which users or groups have access to the data.

    4. What are two benefits of using an ext4 partition instead of ext3? (Choose two.)

      • compatibility with CDFS
      • compatibility with NTFS
      • decreased load time
      • improved performance
      • an increase in the number of supported devices
      • increase in the size of supported files
        Explanation:

        Based on the ex3 file system, an ext4 partition includes extensions that improve performance and an increase in the of supported files. An ext4 partition also supports journaling, a file system feature that minimizes the risk of file system corruption if power is suddenly lost to the system.